How Cultural Events Affect Happiness in Urban Public Spaces: Evidence from Three Plazas in Tehran

Abstract

Abstract

Examining Iran's historical and cultural background in happiness shows that, in the past, Iranian people honored national and local celebrations as part of their religious rituals and ceremonies. Cultural events and happiness have traditionally been regarded as public activities in Iranian society. The happiness concept, however, has lost its significant role in the contemporary period as a result of cultural shifts. Based on the World Happiness Reports, the average level of happiness demonstrates an inappropriate state (4.6 out of 10) among Iranian people.

Despite the recognized importance of cultural events for happiness, few studies have considered the relationship between cultural events and perceived momentary urban happiness in public spaces. Using the path analysis method, this research examines the relationship between happiness and cultural events in Tehran's public spaces.

The results lead to the conclusion that cultural events affect perceived urban happiness both directly and indirectly. The results show that citizens connect with the content of the event. As to the indirect relationship, cultural events affect the quality of public spaces, and the citizens’ satisfaction with public life causes happiness. The results also indicate that, among the qualities of public spaces related to events, "walk and discover the place," "safety and relaxation," and "recreational activities" have the most substantial impact on perceived urban happiness.